Since the era of BC, Petra, which is located in the south of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, was the capital of the Nabataean state and the most important city of their Arab kingdom, which lasted between 400 BC. AD to 106 AD.
The Nabataeans (a group of Arab tribes) did not build the Rose City, but carved it in the depths of the rocky mountains with its houses, temples, tombs and amazing water channels as if they were masterpieces that were wanted for eternity forever.
Perhaps the remarkable thing about Petra is that the process of excavation and sculpting started from top to bottom, and that finalizing any building may take a relatively long time in harmony with the economic conditions of the Nabatean citizens during the reign of King Al-Harith IV (9 BC - 41 AD), when the kingdom flourished. Its borders expanded, and its army won all the battles it fought against other kingdoms.
The prosperity of the kingdom did not last long. In the year 106 AD, the Roman commander Trajan launched a military campaign on Petra and occupied it without resistance. Despite the dominance of Roman values, the changes that occurred in Petra were not drastic, and it still preserves its original features today.
